Survey Methods

• Visual Inspection: This initial method often involves a walkover survey of the area to assess its general condition and identify potential features of interest or concern.

• River Corridor Survey (RCS): This detailed assessment identifies and catalogues river and riparian features, including their location and condition. It is a critical tool in the management and restoration of river habitats.

• River Habitat Survey (RHS): Used across the UK and Europe, this methodology captures information on physical features and human impacts along rivers to assess its condition.

• Wetland Bird Survey (WeBS): This monitors non-breeding waterbirds in the UK. It provides data for population and distribution trends, crucial for both conservation and decision-making.

• The Phase 1 Habitat Survey: A widely used ecological survey approach that produces a baseline map of habitats, including wetland and river sites.

• Macrophyte Surveys: These are plant-life based surveys, which study the diversity and abundance of aquatic plants used to assess water quality and the general health of a river or wetland ecosystem.

Assessment of River and Wetland Habitats

• Physical Assessment: Reviewing factors such as river flow, water quality, temperature and substrate composition can give clues to a habitat's health.

• Biological Assessment: Monitoring populations of specific species or groups such as ?fish, macroinvertebrates, plants and birds can indicate habitat quality.

• Siltation Monitoring: Excessive siltation can suffocate organisms and impede river flow. Regular inspection of both water and sediment can identify potential problems early.

• Chemical Assessment: Testing water for pollutants such as nitrates, phosphates, heavy metals, and pesticides provides understanding of human impacts on these habitats.

• River Continuity Assessment: Rivers and larger streams should ideally flow without obstruction, as barriers can impact fish migration, sediment movement, and the overall health of the river system.

• Monitoring Invasive Species: Invasive flora and fauna can quickly alter a habitat, impacting native species and overall biodiversity. Regular monitoring and control measures are necessary to prevent these changes.

Lastly, one important note is that data recording and presentation is key to evidence-based management decisions. All data gathered during these surveys and assessments should be accurately recorded, analysed, and presented clearly to make it accessible to all relevant stakeholders.