Film Language

Film language refers to the conventions, devices and systems that filmmakers use to tell stories and communicate meaning. Understanding these elements is crucial from production to viewer interpretation perspectives.

Shot Types

• Establishing shot: Introduces location, giving viewer a broader sense of setting.
• Long shot (LS): Shows the full object or human figure in relation to surroundings.
• Medium shot (MS): Mid-range shot that provides more details while still showing part of surroundings.
• Close-up (CU): Frame filled with part of a scene or character’s face to emphasise emotions or details.
• Point-of-view shot (POV): Shows a scene from a particular character's perspective.

Camera Movement

• Pan: Short for panorama, this is when the camera moves horizontally.
• Tilt: Vertical movement of the camera, up or down, while the base remains stationary.
• Zoom: Changing the focal length of the lens to make the subject appear closer or further away.
• Track/dolly: The camera moves towards or backward from, or moves alongside its subject, on a track.
• Crane/jib: The camera moves vertically in the air, providing an elevated view.

Mise-en-Scène

• Setting: Where the scene is placed, which can create mood, reveal character, and evoke emotions.
• Costume and makeup: Can provide insight into a character's role, status, and personality.
• Lighting: Helps set tone and mood of a scene, and can influence how we perceive characters.
• Props: Any movable objects that appear on screen can provide insight or contribute to storyline.

Sound

• Diegetic sound: Sound that is sourced from the world of the film such as dialogue, or sounds made by objects in the story.
• Non-diegetic sound: Sounds not audible to characters but are used to influence the audience's reactions, like music or voice-over.

Editing

• Continuity editing: Series of shots are related and follow continuous sequence of events.
• Cross cutting: Alternates shots of two or more lines of action occurring in different places almost simultaneously.
• Montage: Juxtaposition of images to create an abstract idea or emotion.

Film Codes

• Technical codes: Techniques such as camera angles, framing, depth of field, lighting, and editing.
• Symbolic codes: Objects, settings, or characters that imply deeper meanings.
• Audio codes: Use of sound, music or voices to convey the film's message.

Remember, mastery of the above elements directly influences a director's ability to effectively relate narrative and engage an audience. Understanding and applying film language enhances cinematic storytelling capabilities and opens avenues for creative experimentations in Moving Image Arts Creative Production (Foundation Portfolio - AS 1).