A Level Business CCEA

This subject is broken down into 162 topics in 51 modules:

  1. Enterprise and Entrepreneurship 3 topics
  2. Central Purpose of Business Activity 2 topics
  3. Forms of Business Ownership 1 topics
  4. Stakeholder Groups 1 topics
  5. Markets and Market Forces 4 topics
  6. Quality Management 1 topics
  7. Approaches to and Measures of Quality 4 topics
  8. Productivity and Investment 1 topics
  9. Organisational Design 2 topics
  10. Investing in People 6 topics
  11. Motivation 3 topics
  12. Principles of management and leadership 1 topics
  13. Spectrum of Competition 1 topics
  14. Market research 4 topics
  15. Marketing mix 1 topics
  16. Elasticity of demand 1 topics
  17. Product life cycle 2 topics
  18. Market planning and strategy 2 topics
  19. E-Business/E-Commerce 2 topics
  20. Sources of finance 1 topics
  21. Break-even analysis 3 topics
  22. Cash flow 2 topics
  23. Cash flow forecast 1 topics
  24. Budgeting 3 topics
  25. Financial statements 1 topics
  26. Final accounts 1 topics
  27. Business Objectives 4 topics
  28. Organisational culture 3 topics
  29. Stakeholder objectives 1 topics
  30. Communication 2 topics
  31. Economies and diseconomies of scale 1 topics
  32. Business strategy and planning 9 topics
  33. Decision tree analysis 3 topics
  34. Risk and uncertainty 1 topics
  35. Company accounts 1 topics
  36. Ratio analysis 1 topics
  37. Investment appraisal 2 topics
  38. Macroeconomic framework 4 topics
  39. Government policies 3 topics
  40. 1 topics
  41. Globalisation 11 topics
  42. Business ethics and organisational culture 2 topics
  43. Sustainability 1 topics
  44. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) 1 topics
  45. Influence of stakeholder groups 1 topics
  46. Organisational design 4 topics
  47. Monopolies, mergers, takeovers and restrictive practices 1 topics
  48. Change 7 topics
  49. The External Business Environment 18 topics
  50. The Internal Business Environment 16 topics
  51. Evaluating Business Information 10 topics
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  • 51
    modules
  • 162
    topics
  • 62,047
    words of revision content
  • 7+
    hours of audio lessons

This page was last modified on 28 September 2024.

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Business

Enterprise and Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurial Characterisitics

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Entrepreneurial Characterisitics

Entrepreneurial Characteristics

  • Innovative: Entrepreneurs often come up with new ideas for products or services, or for ways to improve existing ones.
  • Risk-taking: Entrepreneurs are willing to take calculated risks to achieve their business goals.
  • Self-Motivated: Entrepreneurs are driven to achieve their goals and are willing to put in the hard work necessary to succeed.
  • Visionary: Entrepreneurs can visualise the future and how their actions will impact it.
  • Adaptable: With the ability to react quickly to unforeseen circumstances, entrepreneurs can pivot and shift their plans as required.

Skills and Comfort with Ambiguity

  • Leadership: Ability to inspire and lead others towards achieving the business goals.
  • Decision-making: Entrepreneurs need to be confident in their decisions under conditions of high uncertainty.
  • Persuasion and Negotiation: Critical when dealing with stakeholders including investors, customers, and employees.

Entrepreneurial Passion and Perseverance

  • Perseverance: Entrepreneurs often face many challenges in their journey and a common trait among successful entrepreneurs is never giving up.
  • Passion: Entrepreneurs love what they do; this passion drives their ambition and helps them overcome obstacles.

Degree of Internal Locus of Control

  • Internal Locus of Control: Entrepreneurs believe that they can influence their outcomes and don't rely on external factors or luck.
  • Responsibility: Accepting and learning from failures and making necessary improvements shows a high degree of accountability.

Entrepreneurial Alertness

  • Alertness to Opportunities: Entrepreneurs are always scanning the environment for new business opportunities.
  • Problem-solving: Good at identifying problems and coming up with innovative solutions.

Course material for Business, module Enterprise and Entrepreneurship, topic Entrepreneurial Characterisitics

Business

Investment appraisal

Payback and Net Present Value (NPV)

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Payback and Net Present Value (NPV)

Payback Period

  • Definition: The Payback Period is the length of time it takes for an investment to generate enough cash to cover the initial outlay. It's a straightforward and popular technique for investment appraisal.

  • Calculation: The payback period is calculated by dividing the initial investment by the annual cash inflow.

  • Advantage: The primary advantage of the payback method is its simplicity. It's easy to understand and calculate, making it a favourite among small-scale investors.

  • Disadvantage: The main weakness is that it does not consider cash inflows beyond the payback period, nor does it consider the time value of money. This could lead to misrepresentation of the profits that an investment can bring in the long run.

Net Present Value (NPV)

  • Definition: The Net Present Value (NPV) is a more sophisticated investment appraisal technique. It measures the profitability of an investment by comparing the value of cash inflows with the value of cash outflows, adjusting for the time value of money.

  • Calculation: To calculate NPV, it is essential first to estimate future cash inflows and outflows. These future values are then discounted back to their present values using a discount rate (often a firm's cost of capital). The sum of these present values is the NPV.

  • Advantage: A significant advantage of NPV is that it considers the time value of money and all future cash inflows and outflows - providing a more comprehensive view of an investment's profitability.

  • Disadvantage: The NPV relies heavily on the accuracy of estimates for future cash flows and the appropriate discount rate. Any inaccurate predictions can significantly affect the results.

Remember, both the Payback Period and NPV are vital tools for investment appraisal, but they should not be used in isolation. Instead, they should be part of a suite of techniques considering profitability, cash flow, risk, and strategic fit.

Course material for Business, module Investment appraisal, topic Payback and Net Present Value (NPV)

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