GCSE Chemistry (Triple) WJEC

This subject is broken down into 101 topics in 12 modules:

  1. The Nature of Substances and Chemical Reactions 15 topics
  2. Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table 9 topics
  3. Water 10 topics
  4. The Ever-changing Earth 9 topics
  5. Rate of Chemical Change 4 topics
  6. Limestone 5 topics
  7. Bonding, Structure and Properties 9 topics
  8. Acids, Bases and Salts 7 topics
  9. Metals and their Extraction 9 topics
  10. Chemical Reactions and Energy 3 topics
  11. Crude Oil, Fuels and Organic Chemistry 15 topics
  12. Reversible Reactions, Industrial Processes and Important Chemicals 6 topics
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  • 12
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  • 101
    topics
  • 31,242
    words of revision content
  • 4+
    hours of audio lessons

This page was last modified on 28 September 2024.

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Chemistry (Triple)

The Nature of Substances and Chemical Reactions

Elements as Substances

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Elements as Substances

  • Elements are pure substances that consist of only one type of atom. They cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
  • The periodic table lists all the known elements. They are arranged according to their atomic number i.e., the number of protons in an atom of the element.
  • Elements are grouped into 'groups' (vertical columns) and 'periods' (horizontal rows). Elements in the same group have similar properties because they have the same number of electrons in their outer shell.
  • Elements can be classified as metals, non-metals, and metalloids. Metals are generally shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, and ductile. Non-metals are generally dull, poor conductors of heat and electricity, and brittle. Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals.
  • Some elements occur naturally on Earth, while others can only be created in a laboratory.
  • Elements can combine with each other to form compounds, which have different properties from the elements that make them up.
  • Symbols are used to represent elements. These symbols consist of one or two letters, with the first letter always capitalised.
  • Each element has a unique set of properties, including melting point, boiling point, density, reactivity, and atomic structure.
  • Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. Despite this, they have identical chemical properties to other atoms of the same element because chemical properties are determined by the number of electrons, which is the same for all atoms of a given element.
  • Elements in Group 1 of the periodic table are called alkali metals and are highly reactive due to the single electron in their outer shell.
  • The noble gases are in Group 8 or 0 of the periodic table. These elements are unreactive as they have a full outer shell of electrons.

Course material for Chemistry (Triple), module The Nature of Substances and Chemical Reactions, topic Elements as Substances

Chemistry (Triple)

Limestone

The Social, Economic and Environmental Benefits and Drawbacks of Limestone Quarrying

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The Social, Economic and Environmental Benefits and Drawbacks of Limestone Quarrying

Social Benefits of Limestone Quarrying:

  • Provides local employment opportunities, bolstering the economy of the areas where the quarries are located.
  • Infrastructure development in the form of better roads, schools and health clinics as a result of the quarrying industry.

Social Drawbacks of Limestone Quarrying:

  • Noise and dust pollution from blasting and machinery can disrupt local communities.
  • Changes to the local landscape can negatively impact the appeal of an area to tourists or locals.
  • The destruction of habitats during the quarrying process can reduce biodiversity in the area.

Economic Benefits of Limestone Quarrying:

  • Quarries bring money into local economies through direct employment and indirect economic benefits like increased trade for local businesses.
  • Limestone is a valuable resource used in construction and industry, contributing to the nation's economy.

Economic Drawbacks of Limestone Quarrying:

  • The costs associated with rehabilitation of a quarry after the limestone has been excavated can be high.
  • Income from quarrying is temporary and may disappear when the limestone is used up and the quarry is closed.
  • Local economies may become overly dependent on the quarrying industry, which could lead to problems if it decreases or stops.

Environmental Benefits of Limestone Quarrying:

  • Limestone is a necessary resource for many construction and industrial applications, such as in cement production.
  • Correctly managed, a quarry can become a habitat for many species after it ceases to be operational.

Environmental Drawbacks of Limestone Quarrying:

  • Quarries significantly alter the natural landscape, creating visual pollution and disrupting ecosystems.
  • Quarrying processes, such as drilling and blasting, can cause air and noise pollution.
  • Quarrying can contribute to soil erosion and the destruction of natural habitats, impacting local biodiversity.
  • The use of heavy machinery can lead to an increase in local air pollution from fuel emissions.

Course material for Chemistry (Triple), module Limestone, topic The Social, Economic and Environmental Benefits and Drawbacks of Limestone Quarrying

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