A Level Applied ICT OCR

This subject is broken down into 30 topics in 3 modules:

  1. Information, Systems and Applications 10 topics
  2. The Social and Economic Significance of ICT 10 topics
  3. ICT Strategy and System Development 10 topics
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  • 3
    modules
  • 30
    topics
  • 11,721
    words of revision content
  • 1+
    hours of audio lessons

This page was last modified on 28 September 2024.

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Applied ICT

Information, Systems and Applications

Understanding the nature of information

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Understanding the nature of information

The Nature of Information

  • Information is processed data that possesses meaning, relevance, and is useful to those who use it.
  • Information can be categorised into quantitative (numeric, measurable and often used in calculations) and qualitative (non-numerical, descriptive).
  • Primary information is raw and original, gathered for a specific purpose, typically through methods like surveys or interviews.
  • Secondary information is information that has been processed or refined from primary information, such as analysis reports.
  • Information also varies in quality based on factors such as accuracy, relevance, timeliness, and completeness.

Information as an Organisational Resource

  • Information is a valuable asset in organisations, used for decision-making, planning, and operational functions.
  • The quality of information possessed by an organisation correlates to its effectiveness and might be a source of competitive advantage.
  • Information processing is often placed under several aspects of management, including strategic (long-term), tactical (mid-term), and operational (short-term).

Information Flow

  • Information flow refers to the process of managing the distribution and accessibility of information in an organisation.
  • It includes internal flow (within the organisation e.g., between departments) and external flow (between the organisation and its external environment).
  • Barriers to information flow can include inappropriate IT systems, a lack of relevant skills, or organisational culture.

Data Protection

  • The Data Protection Act 1998 (UK) governs the collection, storage, and use of personal data, providing guidelines to ensure respect for individuals' privacy rights.
  • Organisations are required to adhere to key principles, such as ensuring information is gathered fairly, used only for its intended purpose and is up to date.
  • Breach of data protection can lead to severe penalties including fines and damage to reputation.

Course material for Applied ICT, module Information, Systems and Applications, topic Understanding the nature of information

Applied ICT

The Social and Economic Significance of ICT

Internet safety and security issues

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Internet safety and security issues

Understanding Internet Safety and Security

  • Internet safety refers to safe and responsible use of the Information and Communication Technology on the Internet.
  • It encompasses protection from a wide range of cyber threats such as cyberbullying, online scams, identity theft, and data breaches.
  • Online security, on the other hand, focuses on protecting your electronic data from unauthorised access or alteration.

Cyber Threats and Attacks

  • Be aware of various forms of cyber threats, these include malware (such as viruses, worms, trojans), ransomware, phishing attacks, and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks.
  • Such attacks could lead to dire consequences such as loss of sensitive data, financial loss and even reputational damage.
  • Some of these attacks can be executed through email attachments, compromised web pages, and fraudulent communications that deceive users into divulging confidential information.

Internet Safety Measures

  • Protecting oneself from these threats often involves a combination of practices such as strong password use, two-factor authentication (2FA) and being aware of secure web protocols (like ensuring a website uses HTTPS, particularly when sensitive data is being exchanged).
  • Remember, strong passwords typically involve a mix of upper and lowercase letters, numbers and symbols, and are not easily guessable.

Legal and Ethical Frameworks

  • Familiarise yourself with legal and ethical frameworks available to protect individuals and organisations online; these include the Data Protection Act (for personal data handling), Computer Misuse Act (criminalises unauthorised access and modifications) etc.
  • Ethical aspects of internet safety include respect for privacy, integrity in communications and transactions, and maintaining professionalism online.

Organisational Internet Security

  • From an organisational perspective, information security is critical to safeguarding assets and business operations.
  • This typically involves investment in security technologies (like firewalls, intrusion detection systems), encryption for data protection, and regular security awareness training for staff.
  • An organisation's security policy often outlines responsibilities of staff, acceptable use policies, and consequence of policy breaches. Regular audits ensure policy enforcement and reveal areas of vulnerability.

Incident Management

  • In the event of a security breach, it's important to have an incident management process in place. This outlines how to respond effectively to minimise damage and recover quickly.
  • Key steps often include incident identification, containment, eradication, recovery, and a post-incident review to prevent future occurrences.
  • Keep in mind, communication during such a situation should be handled carefully to uphold legal responsibilities and to maintain trust with stakeholders.

Course material for Applied ICT, module The Social and Economic Significance of ICT, topic Internet safety and security issues

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