ICT
Components of a computer and their uses
Hardware
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Hardware
Introduction to Hardware
- Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system which we can see and touch.
- These include elements like a processor, memory devices, input and output devices, storage devices and the motherboard.
Types and Functions of Hardware
Processor
- A processor, otherwise known as the CPU, is the brain of the computer.
- It performs all calculations needed to operate the computer.
- It follows the instructions of software programs, allowing us to interact with the computer.
Memory Devices
- Memory devices, such as RAM and ROM, temporarily store data and instructions during operation.
- RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile, meaning information is lost when power is switched off.
- ROM (Read-only Memory) is non-volatile and stores instructions required for starting the computer (bootstrap process).
Input and Output Devices
- Input devices allow users to enter information or instructions into the computer. Examples include a keyboard, mouse, or scanner.
- Output devices convey information from the computer to the user. Examples include a monitor, printer, or speakers.
Storage Devices
- Primary Storage: this includes RAM and ROM, which are directly accessible by the CPU.
- Secondary Storage: provides long term storage. Examples include hard disk drives, solid state drives, and CDs. It is non-volatile memory.
Motherboard
- The motherboard is the core component of the computer system.
- It is a large circuit board that provides connectivity and electrical supply to the different components inside a computer system.
Overview
- Understanding these hardware components and their roles is pivotal to graspin the overall operation of a computer system.
- By mastering this, one can troubleshoot issues, select appropriate devices for certain tasks, and appreciate the impact of the advancements in computer technology.
