Textile and Fashion History

Prehistoric Textiles

• First use of textile materials dates back to prehistoric times, with earliest evidence from 5000 BC.
• These textiles were predominantly made of animal fur, prehistoric people slowly learnt to extract fibres from plants and later from silkworms and alpacas.
• Over centuries, the process of weaving grown more complex producing finer and more durable fabric.

The Ancient World

• The Greeks and Romans are known for their woolen togas and tunics, dyed in vibrant hues.
• Egyptians, well known for their linen cloth made from flax, used intricate pleating techniques for ceremonial outfits.
• Silk was first created in China during the Han dynasty. Silk weaving techniques were kept secret and spread to the west only after several centuries.
• Indian Cotton and Indigo was popular among Roman and Egyptian civilisations.

Middle Ages

• European fashion was greatly influenced during the Middle Ages by the Byzantine Empire and Middle Eastern cultures.
• Luxuries like velvet and brocade became popular among the nobles, illustrating a division of classes through clothing.
• Medieval art often features the depiction of elegant and high-status figures in gowns and capes.

Renaissance and Enlightenment

• The Renaissance advocated individual expression and this had a profound impact on fashion and textiles.
• People were adorning themselves with rich velvets, lace, embroidery and fur trimmings in unique styles.
• The Enlightenment period saw the beginning of mass fashion as the industrial revolution increased textile production, and modes of clothing became more standardised.

20th Century

• The 20th Century saw rapid changes in fashion, often reflecting the cultural and social changes taking place in the world.
• Women’s emancipation during the 1920s resulted in the adoption of freer more comfortable clothing. The 60s and 70s saw the rise of counterculture with bold prints, tie-dye and bell-bottoms.
• The invention of synthetic fibres, like nylon and polyester, revolutionised the textile industry.

21st Century

• Modern day fashion is a result of a blend of various historical influences. Globalisation has lead to an intermingling of styles and fabrics from different parts of the world.
• There is a growing focus towards sustainability in fashion, promoting organic fabrics and ethical sourcing and manufacture.
• Technological advances have resulted in smart textiles that can change colour, resist water, generate heat and even monitor health.
• Fast fashion has risen as a global phenomenon, with criticism on it's environmental impact.

Remember to explore causes behind shifts in fashion and textiles throughout history, how they relate to the cultural, historical and political context. This is not a comprehensive list, and researching each era in depth is recommended to gain a thorough understanding.