Higher Graphic Communication SQA

This subject is broken down into 14 topics in 1 modules:

  1. Core 14 topics
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This page was last modified on 28 September 2024.

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Graphic Communication

Core

Graphic Types

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Graphic Types

Graphic Types

Vector Graphics

  • Defined by mathematical formulas rather than individual pixels.
  • Offer greater scalability without loss in quality.
  • Common software includes Adobe Illustrator.

Raster Graphics

  • Also known as bitmap graphics.
  • Composed of individual, coloured pixels.
  • Common software includes Adobe Photoshop.

2D Graphics

  • Allow for creation of images with only length and width.
  • Uses shapes, lines, and text to construct images.
  • Ideal for graphic designs like logos and posters.

3D Graphics

  • Adds a third dimension, depth, evolving a shape into a form.
  • Can create more realistic and complex images.
  • Software includes 3D Studio Max and AutoCAD.

Concept and Presentation Graphics

  • Used to visualise ideas and convey information.
  • Can be both 2D and 3D.
  • 'Concept Graphics' are rough and meant to be used early in the design process.
  • 'Presentation Graphics' are refined, intended to be used in final stages to present the finished design.

Computer Aided Design (CAD) Graphics

  • Graphics made using computer software to create precise 2D or 3D models.
  • Common applications include architecture, engineering and industrial design.
  • Illustrations are often scalable.

Computer Generated Imagery (CGI) Graphics

  • Used to create animation and visual effects in films, TV and video games.
  • Makes use of both 2D and 3D digital graphic techniques.
  • Often used to create realistic environments, characters and objects.

Graphic File Types

  • JPEG: Common raster format offering high compression rates.
  • GIF: Supports animation and allows a separate palette of 256 colours for each frame.
  • PNG: Raster type that provides lossless compression - allows for transparency.
  • TIFF: Versatile raster format supporting numerous colour models.
  • SVG: Standard vector type - scalable without quality loss.
  • AI: Adobe Illustrator's proprietary vector format.
  • PSD: Adobe Photoshop’s proprietary raster format.
  • DWG: CAD file format for 2D and 3D design data.

Course material for Graphic Communication, module Core, topic Graphic Types

Graphic Communication

Core

Illustration Techniques

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Illustration Techniques

Hand-Drawn Illustration Techniques

  • Line Art: Uses only lines to indicate shapes and patterns. Good for creating crisp and defined looks.
  • Cross-Hatching: Multi-directional lines layered to create shading and texture. Ideal for realistic and detailed effects.
  • Stippling: Uses small dots or dashes to create an image. Its laborious nature suits intricate designs.
  • Silhouetting: Lays emphasis on shape and form over details, often used for dramatic and stark contrasts.

Digital Illustration Techniques

  • Vector Graphics: Utilising points, lines, curves and shapes that are based on mathematical equations for crisp, clean lines and scalability.
  • Raster Graphics: Composed of pixels, suitable for complex imagery with a range of colours and gradients, but can pixelate when scaled too large.
  • 3D Modelling: Incorporates a third dimension for the creation of lifelike objects and environments.

Mixed Media Techniques

  • Coloured Ink and Water: Combines water-based and oil-based mediums to create unique textures and colour overlays.
  • Charcoal and Pastels: Creates striking contrast between dark and light areas with a soft texture.
  • Collage: Incorporates various materials such as paper, fabric or photograms into one image.

Use of Software in Illustration

  • Adobe Illustrator: Professionally used for logo and concept design. Specialises in vector-based design.
  • Adobe Photoshop: Industry-standard for image manipulation and design. Specialises in raster-based design.
  • Blender: Free software for 3D creation, suitable for modelling, rigging, animation, and rendering.

Influences and Styles in Illustration

  • Cultural Influence: Consider how culture and social aspects shape illustration styles and techniques.
  • Historical Influence: Understand how the evolution of art movements have influenced modern illustration techniques.
  • Purpose of the Illustration: Alter the techniques and style depending on the purpose, whether for branding, to provide information, or evoke emotion.

Health and Safety Considerations

  • Take care when handling sharp tools and equipment.
  • Ensure proper ventilation when using mediums that may release fumes.
  • Practice good posture and frequent breaks to prevent strain.
  • Regularly save digital work to prevent loss of progress.

Course material for Graphic Communication, module Core, topic Illustration Techniques

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