Introduction to 3D Design

What is 3D Design?

• Three-dimensional design is the process of designing physical objects that exist in three dimensions of space.
• It includes concepts related to volume, mass, balance, weight, scale and proportion.
• It is commonly utilised in fields such as architecture, product design, interior design, and industrial design.

Functions and Characteristics

• All 3D designs involve some form of plan, which can include technical diagrams, blueprints or computer aided design (CAD) models.
• Designs interact with their environment, taking into consideration elements such as light, space, and context.
• The physical properties of the chosen materials and their suitability for the intended use are crucial considerations.

Design Principles

• Balance: This refers to the visual weight distribution in the design. It can be symmetrical or asymmetrical.
• Proportion: This is the relationship in size between different parts of your design.
• Rhythm: This refers to the repetition of elements which can create a sense of motion or growth.
• Emphasis: This involves creating a focal point or centre of interest in your design.

Understanding the Design Process

Identifying the Problem

• Define the problem that your design is solving.
• Research the context, asking who the design is for and where it will be used.

Sketching and Modelling

• Sketch your ideas on paper before starting work on a computer.
• Use simple and cheap materials for draft models to test your ideas in 3D.

Refinement

• Iterate on your initial ideas, incorporating feedback from peers or potential users.
• Think about how to optimise your design for manufacturing or construction.

Evaluation

• Use criteria such as efficacy, aesthetics, usability, and sustainability to evaluate your design.
• Reflect on feedback and learn from mistakes or shortcomings for future projects.

Considerations in 3D Design

Materials and Techniques

• Understanding the properties and behaviours of different materials is essential.
• Techniques such as molding, carving, constructing, and assembling are often used in 3D design.

Safety and Ethics

• Always consider the safety of your designs for their intended user.
• Ethical considerations include sustainable design, accessible design, and questions of cultural appropriation or sensitivity.