Level 2 Engineering WJEC

This subject is broken down into 36 topics in 6 modules:

  1. Engineering Design 7 topics
  2. Producing Engineered Products 6 topics
  3. Solving Engineering Problems 8 topics
  4. Engineering the Built Environment (Optional) 5 topics
  5. Engineering Applications of IT (Optional) 5 topics
  6. Transport Engineering Systems (Optional) 5 topics
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  • 6
    modules
  • 36
    topics
  • 13,575
    words of revision content
  • 1+
    hours of audio lessons

This page was last modified on 28 September 2024.

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Engineering

Engineering Design

Design briefs and specifications

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Design briefs and specifications

Design Briefs

  • A design brief acts as a starting point for any design project, often provided by a customer or client.
  • They offer a basic outline of what the client is looking for in their final product.
  • Normally includes the objective of the design, the target audience or users, feasible timelines, approximate budget, and material requirements.
  • Helps in understanding complete project scopes, client's needs, and the project's overall expectations in detail.

Functions of a Design Brief

  • Design briefs guide the overall direction and aim of a project.
  • They help in setting clear expectations between the client and the designer or engineer.
  • It acts as a reference document to ensure the design process does not stray from its intended goals.
  • Facilitates communication among project stakeholders, and can help to prevent misunderstandings.
  • Serves as the basis for decision-making during the design process.

Design Specifications

  • Design specifications, also known as product specifications, define the detailed requirements for a product to fulfill its purpose.
  • They outline product attributes such as size, shape, colour scheme, materials, performance criteria, and safety standards.
  • They may also include manufacturing requirements, quality control measures, and test criteria for prototypes.
  • Specifications may also include what problem the product solves, its intended context of use, and how it should fulfil or improve upon existing solutions.

Design Specification Importance

  • They create a common understanding of the expected final product between the design team and the client.
  • Assist in ensuring that the design meets the industry standards and adhere to all safety norms.
  • Help in controlling project costs as they highlight the parameters within which the design process is to operate.
  • They provide quality checks to ensure the design meets the requirements set forth in the brief.
  • They serve as the basis for designing tests and inspection plans for the structured evaluation of the product.
  • By establishing clear requirements, specifications help in reducing design errors and subsequent iterations, ultimately saving time and resources.

Course material for Engineering, module Engineering Design, topic Design briefs and specifications

Engineering

Solving Engineering Problems

Electrical principles

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Electrical principles

Electrical Principles

Electric Charge and Current

  • Electric charge is a property of certain subatomic particles that determines their electromagnetic interactions.
  • Electrons have negative charge, while protons possess positive charge.
  • An electric current is the flow of electric charge.
  • It is measured in amperes (A).
  • The direction of electric current is always from positive terminal (higher potential) to negative terminal (lower potential) in a circuit.

Voltage, Resistance and Ohm's Law

  • Voltage is the electric potential difference between two points and is measured in volts (V).
  • Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current. It is measured in ohms (Ω).
  • Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points.
  • In other words, I=V/R, wherein I is current, V is voltage, and R is resistance.

Series and Parallel Circuits

  • In a series circuit, there is only one path for current to follow. The total resistance of the circuit is the sum of the individual resistances.
  • In a parallel circuit, current divides among multiple paths. The total resistance decreases as more parallel components are added.
  • Voltage drops are the same in series circuits, but split in parallel circuits.

Electrical Power and Energy

  • Electrical power is the rate, per unit time, at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit.
  • It is measured in watts (W).
  • Electrical power can be calculated using the formula P=VI, where P is power, V is voltage, and I is current.
  • Electrical energy is the energy that is being converted in an electric circuit from electrical potential energy to other forms of energy such as thermal energy, light, sound etc.
  • It is measured in Joules (J).

Electromagnetism

  • Electromagnetism is the interaction between electric currents or fields and magnetic fields.
  • An electric current flowing through a wire generates a magnetic field around the wire.
  • The right hand rule can be used to remember the direction of the magnetic field in relation to the direction of the current.
  • Electromagnetic effects are used in numerous engineering applications like motors, generators and transformers.

Circuit Components and Symbols

  • Standard circuit symbols exist for components like resistors, capacitors, inductors, and various types of switches and power sources.
  • Understanding these symbols and how to use them in circuit diagrams are integral skills in electrical engineering.

Course material for Engineering, module Solving Engineering Problems, topic Electrical principles

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