A Level French Eduqas

This subject is broken down into 41 topics in 7 modules:

  1. Being a Young Person in French-Speaking Society 3 topics
  2. Diversity and Difference 4 topics
  3. Understanding the French-Speaking World 2 topics
  4. France 1940-1950: The Occupation and Post-War Years 3 topics
  5. Grammar 17 topics
  6. Literature 6 topics
  7. Film 6 topics
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  • 41
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This page was last modified on 28 September 2024.

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French

Being a Young Person in French-Speaking Society

Families and Citizenship

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Families and Citizenship

Defining Families in French-Speaking Societies

  • The term 'la famille' refers to the basic social unit in French-speaking societies.
  • Traditional family values are deeply embedded and respected, but variations such as single-parent households, same-sex couple families, and blended families are recognised and becoming more common.
  • Family structures are influenced by factors such as socioeconomic status, culture, and religion.

Citizenship and Legal Rights

  • Citoyenneté refers to being a member of a particular nation or state, and having rights and responsibilities therein.
  • Citizens have the right to live and work anywhere within the French-speaking nation or state they belong to.
  • Certain legal rights come with citizenship, such as the freedom to vote and stand in elections, the right to state protection, and the right to social services.
  • Being a minor affects the level of rights one has; for instance, voting rights are usually granted from the age of 18.
  • Differences in citizenship and legal rights can contribute to social inequality.

The Impact of Families on Young People

  • Families play a central role in the development of young people's behaviours, values, and perspectives.
  • The dwindling birth rates and an increase in the average age in French-speaking societies play a part in shaping young people's experiences.
  • Families can structure social inequalities, such as through the variation in resources available to different families, impacting the experiences and opportunities of young people.
  • The nurturing environment within families can foster the development of self-esteem, social skills and mental health.
  • Family disagreements or issues, such as divorce or financial struggles, can have significant impacts on the well-being and development of young people.

The Role of Young People in French-Speaking Society

  • Literature depicts young people as both the 'victims' and the 'catalysts' of societal change.
  • The rise of social media and the internet has led young people to engage more with issues such as politics, environment and social justice.
  • Civic engagement amongst young people, such as voting and activism, is considered fundamental for societal advancement.
  • Changes in societal attitudes towards major issues are often driven by the younger generation. This impact, however, can be both positive and negative.
  • Economic factors, such as employment and housing opportunities, greatly influence young people's roles and prospects in society.

Challenges Faced by Young People

  • Major challenges faced by young people include high unemployment rates, limited access to education, cultural assimilation, substance abuse, and social pressures.
  • Mental health issues among young people, such as anxiety and depression, are increasingly acknowledged and addressed in French-speaking societies.
  • Young people's identity construction and the quest for selfhood are seen as significant challenges, especially in a society that is continually evolving and influenced by globalisation.

The Future of Families and Citizenship

  • Ongoing societal changes and global trends pose uncertainties and challenges for the future of families and citizenship.
  • The debate on issues such as gender roles, marital law reforms, and family structures is likely to continue.
  • The philosophical concept of 'cosmopolitan citizenship', where citizenship extends beyond national boundaries, is gaining momentum and may reshape understandings of citizenship.
  • The future of young people in French-speaking societies is uncertain, but their active involvement in shaping the future is pivotal.

Course material for French, module Being a Young Person in French-Speaking Society, topic Families and Citizenship

French

Grammar

Conjunctions

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Conjunctions

Coordinating Conjunctions

  • Recognise that coordinating conjunctions connect words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance. In French, these are 'mais' (but), 'ou' (or), 'et' (and), 'donc' (so), 'or' (yet), 'ni' (nor), 'car' (because).
  • Know that 'mais' is used to express a contrast or exception. E.g., 'J'aime le thé, mais je préfère le café.'
  • Understand that 'ou' implies a choice or an alternative. E.g., 'Tu veux du thé ou du café?'
  • Be aware that 'et' is used to add one or more items or thoughts. E.g., 'J'aime le thé et le café.'
  • Remember that 'donc' is used to introduce a logical or causal inference. E.g., 'Il pleut, donc je prends un parapluie.'
  • Note that 'or' introduces a contrast between what is expected and what actually is. E.g., 'Il est riche, or il vit dans une petite maison.'
  • Use 'ni...ni' to correlate a negative conjunction. E.g., 'Je ne veux ni thé ni café.'
  • Remember that 'car' expresses a reason or cause. E.g., 'Je bois du café car ça me réveille.'

Subordinating Conjunctions

  • Understand that subordinating conjunctions link a dependent clause to a main clause. The most common ones are 'que' (that), 'quand' (when), 'comme' (since, as), 'si' (if), 'bien que' (even though), 'jusqu'à ce que' (until), 'pendant que' (while), 'parce que' (because), 'puisque' (since, as).
  • Note 'que' can introduce a direct statement or indirect question. E.g., 'Il pense qu'elle est gentille.'
  • Recognise that 'quand' relates to the timing of an action. Note that if the action is future, the future tense is used in both clauses. E.g., 'Quand il fera beau, nous irons à la plage'
  • Be aware of the causal relationship implied by 'comme' and 'puisque'. 'Comme' focusses on the cause and 'puisque' on the result. E.g. 'Comme je suis fatigué, je vais me coucher.'
  • Use 'si' to express a condition or possibility. E.g., 'Si tu viens, je ferai un gâteau.'
  • Know that 'bien que' introduces a contrasting clause and is used with the subjunctive. E.g., 'Bien qu'il soit tard, j'étudie encore.'
  • Understand that 'jusqu'à ce que' and 'pendant que' relate to the timing and duration of an action, respectively. E.g., 'Je dormirai jusqu'à ce que tu rentres.'
  • Express cause or reason with 'parce que'. E.g., 'Je révise parce que j'ai un examen.'

Remember, knowledge of conjunctions will help to improve clarity and style in your spoken and written French. Practice using different conjunctions to broaden your vocabulary and language skills.

Course material for French, module Grammar, topic Conjunctions

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