Types of Networks (LAN, WAN, PAN, etc.)
Local Area Network (LAN)
- Local Area Network (LAN) is used to connect devices within a small geographic area, such as a single building or a campus.
- Typically implemented in homes, schools, and small businesses.
- Can use wired (Ethernet cables) or wireless (Wi-Fi) connections.
- Offers high-speed data transfer rates.
- Allows for resource sharing such as printers, files, and internet connections.
- Managed by a single organisation.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
- Wide Area Network (WAN) connects devices over a large geographic area, possibly spanning cities, countries, or even continents.
- Utilises links provided by telecoms companies, like leased lines, satellite links, and public networks.
- Example: The Internet is the largest WAN.
- Slower data transfer rates compared to LAN due to longer distances and complex signals.
- Requires more sophisticated technology and infrastructure to manage.
Personal Area Network (PAN)
- Personal Area Network (PAN) covers a very small area around an individual, typically within a range of a few metres.
- Connects personal devices like mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and Bluetooth peripherals.
- Examples include Bluetooth connections and USB connections.
- Useful for personal communication and data transfer between devices without the need for centralised management.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
- Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) spans a city or a large campus.
- Used to connect multiple LANs across a larger geographic area.
- Ideal for connecting offices within the same city.
- Often owned and operated by government bodies or large corporations.
- Provides high-speed connectivity in a larger area than a LAN, but smaller than a WAN.
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
- Virtual Private Network (VPN) allows secure communication over a public network, typically the internet.
- Creates an encrypted tunnel for data to travel through, ensuring privacy and security.
- Commonly used by employees to securely access a corporate network remotely.
- Helps protect against eavesdropping and cyber attacks while using public Wi-Fi.
Client-Server Network
- A Client-Server Network includes central servers that provide resources and services to client machines.
- Clients request services such as file access, printing, or application access from the server.
- Centralised management allows for better security, resource allocation, and data backup.
- Common in businesses and organisations requiring controlled access to resources.
Peer-to-Peer Network (P2P)
- In a Peer-to-Peer Network (P2P), all devices (peers) have equal status and can act as both clients and servers.
- Individual devices share files and resources directly with each other.
- Easier to set up and maintain due to decentralised management.
- Suitable for small networks where complexity and security are less of a concern.
Summary
- Different types of networks vary in their size, scope, and purposes.
- LANs are used for small areas, WANs cover large areas, and PANs are for personal use.
- MANs bridge the gap between LANs and WANs for city-wide networking.
- VPNs provide secure connections over public networks.
- Client-Server and P2P networks differ in their architecture and resource sharing models.