iGCSE Mathematics A Edexcel

This subject is broken down into 100 topics in 7 modules:

  1. Angles 10 topics
  2. Numbers 18 topics
  3. Algebra 22 topics
  4. Graphs, Functions and Calculus 9 topics
  5. Geometry and Measures 20 topics
  6. Pythagoras and Trigonometry 7 topics
  7. Statistics and Probability 14 topics
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  • 7
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  • 100
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  • 32,933
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This page was last modified on 28 September 2024.

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Mathematics A

Numbers

Orders and Operations

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Orders and Operations

  • "Orders and Operations" refers to the sequence in which calculations in a mathematical expression should be carried out.
  • BIDMAS/BODMAS is an acronym used to remember the order of operations: Brackets, Indices/Powers or Order, Division and Multiplication (from left to right), Addition and Subtraction (from left to right).
  • Always perform operations in brackets first, no matter their positioning in the equation.
  • After brackets, treat powers or indices next. Review exponents (squared, cubed etc.) and roots (square root, cube root etc.) calculations.
  • Division and multiplication are on the same 'tier'. They should be solved from left to right in the equation or expression.
  • The last operations you should handle are addition and subtraction (again, left-to-right).
  • If single numbers appear next to brackets, this implies multiplication. For example, 2(3+4) equals 2*7=14.
  • A common pitfall is to incorrectly conduct operations from right-to-left or forgetting to handle operations in brackets first. Ensure you can accurately apply BIDMAS/BODMAS to avoid these errors.
  • Practice using the order of operations with fractions, decimals and negative numbers to enhance your understanding.
  • Algebra also uses the rules of order of operations. Remember that letters (variables) can take the place of unknown numbers.
  • Applying the rules of order consistently ensures that you always carry out calculations correctly, which is key to success in your Numbers revision.

Course material for Mathematics A, module Numbers, topic Orders and Operations

Mathematics A

Graphs, Functions and Calculus

Coordinates

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Coordinates

  • Coordinates are points on a graph represented by an ordered pair (x,y).
  • They show a specific location on a two-dimensional grid.
  • The first number in the pair, corresponding to the x-axis, is called the abscissa.
  • The second number in the pair, corresponding to the y-axis, is called the ordinate.
  • If a graph is divided into four quadrants by the x and y axes, the location of a point can be determined by the sign of the coordinates in each quadrant. Quadrants are numbered anti-clockwise from the upper right quadrant which is Quadrant 1.
  • In Quadrant 1, both coordinates (x, y) are positive.
  • In Quadrant 2, the x-coordinate is negative, while the y-coordinate is positive.
  • In Quadrant 3, both the coordinates (x, y) are negative.
  • In Quadrant 4, the x-coordinate is positive, while the y-coordinate is negative.
  • The origin, represented by the point (0,0), is the central point where both the x-axis and y-axis meet.
  • By understanding coordinates, you can plot any point on a graph.
  • They can also help you understand the relationship between two variables in a linear or non-linear equation.

Course material for Mathematics A, module Graphs, Functions and Calculus, topic Coordinates

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