Core Concepts of Aural Perception and Discrimination

• Understanding the timbral characteristics of different musical instruments, vocal types and ensemble combinations.
• Identifying differences in volume dynamics, such as piano (soft) and forte (loud).
• Recognising and distinguishing between various pitch sequences (melodies) and tonal characteristics.

The Language of Music

• Understanding and interpreting rhythm, beat and tempo in a piece of music.
• Identifying musical form and structure e.g. binary form, ternary form, rondo form and theme variations.
• Recognising different scaled and chord types, including major, minor, chromatic, diminished, augmented, etc.

Development of Listening Skills

• Developing critical listening to judge performances and compositions.
• Enhancing the ability to identify discrepancies in a performance, potentials for improvement and errors in notation.
• Understanding and applying music theory to break down a piece of music.
• Being able to decipher the key signature, time signature and musical notation such as ledger lines and accidentals.

Contextual Understanding through Listening

• Distinguishing between different musical periods and styles, e.g. Baroque, Classical, Romantic, and Modern.
• Recognising world music influences and music of various cultures by listening to their key features.
• Understanding the application of programmatic music i.e. music meant to depict a particular scene or tell a story.
• Identifying the use of music in different contexts, such as film scores, video games, commercials, and theatrical performances.

Aesthetic Judgment through Listening

• Analyzing a piece of music with respect to its musical elements such as melody, harmony, rhythm, timbre, and texture.
• Recognising and appreciating the artistic intentions of composers, performers and conductors.
• Understand the role of performance conventions and manner of presentation.

Remember, aural skills are honed over time with continuous practice and exposure to diverse musical forms and styles. It is recommended to listen to a wide range of music and actively participate in music-making to perfect the art of aural perception and discrimination.