Nutritional Deficiencies in Children

• Iron deficiency is a common nutritional disorder, usually resulting from insufficient intake of iron-rich foods. It can lead to iron deficiency anaemia, which is characterised by fatigue, pale skin, and shortness of breath.
• Insufficient intake of vitamin D can lead to rickets in children, a condition characterised by soft, weak bones, delayed growth, and bone pain.
• Vitamin A deficiency can impair vision and weaken the immune system. This deficiency often results from inadequate consumption of animal products, dark green leafy vegetables, and orange or yellow fruits.
• Iodine deficiency can hinder brain development and growth. It typically results from inadequate intake of seafood, iodised salt, and dairy products.
• A lack of adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D can lead to calcium deficiencies, which are responsible for poor bone health and development.

Nutritional Disorders in Children

• Obesity, a common nutritional disorder in children, is typically due to an excess intake of high calorie, processed, and sugary foods coupled with a lack of physical activity. This can lead to various health problems including heart disease, diabetes, and psychological issues.
• Undernutrition or malnutrition often results from an insufficient caloric intake or not getting enough essential nutrients. This condition can hinder growth and development, weaken the immune system, and may even be life-threatening if not addressed.
• Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, can develop during the adolescent years. These disorders involve extreme behaviours, feelings, and attitudes about one's weight and body image, leading to damaging physical and mental health effects.
• Food allergies and intolerance can lead to various symptoms such as skin rashes, gastrointestinal disorders, and respiratory issues. These are typically caused by immune responses to certain food proteins.
• Failure to Thrive (FTT) refers to children whose current weight or rate of weight gain is much lower than that of other children of a similar age and gender. FTT can be due to a variety of reasons including inadequate caloric intake, absorption issues, excessive loss of calories, or an increased metabolic requirement.

Preventing Nutritional Deficiencies & Disorders

• Balanced diet: Children should consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products.
• Regular exercise: Physical activity is crucial for maintaining a healthy weight and preventing obesity.
• Adequate hydration: Water plays a crucial role in almost every vital bodily function. Children should drink plenty of fluids, preferably water, each day.
• Regular health check-ups: Routine health screenings can help in the early detection and management of nutritional deficiencies and disorders.
• Education: Teaching children healthy eating habits and the importance of physical activity can help prevent nutritional disorders.