Sport and Physical Activity
Body systems and the effects of physical activity
Skeletal system
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Skeletal system
The Functions of the Skeletal System
- Support: The skeletal system provides a framework for the body, supporting and giving shape to it.
- Protection: It protects internal organs. For example, the ribs protect the heart and lungs, and the skull protects the brain.
- Movement: Together with the muscular system, it facilitates movement. Muscles are attached to bones via tendons, which contract and relax to generate movement.
- Blood-cell production: Bones produce red and white blood cells and platelets, a process known as haematopoiesis.
- Mineral storage: They serve as a reservoir for minerals like calcium and phosphorus.
The Structure of the Skeletal System
- Types of bones: Include long bones like the femur, short bones like those of the wrist, flat bones like those of the cranium, and irregular bones like the vertebrae.
- Bone tissues: Comprise of compact bone (hard and strong) and spongy bone (lightweight and supportive).
- Bone cells: The main types are osteoblasts (bone formation), osteocytes (maintenance of bone tissue), and osteoclasts (breakdown and reabsorption of bone).
Effect of Physical Activity on the Skeletal System
- Bone density: Regular exercise helps increase bone density, reducing the risk of fractures and osteoporosis.
- Joint mobility: Physical activity can increase range of motion and flexibility in joints.
- Posture and alignment: Regular physical activity can improve posture and alignment by strengthening the supportive skeletal muscles.
Injuries Related to the Skeletal System
- Fractures: These are breaks in the bone caused by severe stress or impact.
- Sprains: These are injuries to ligaments, which are the fibrous tissue that connects bones to each other.
- Dislocations: They occur when the bone forcibly moves from its joint.
- Osteoporosis: This condition involves loss of bone density, making bones brittle and susceptible to fractures.
Maintenance of the Skeletal System
- Balanced diet: A diet rich in calcium and vitamin D is essential for bone health.
- Regular exercise: Weight-bearing exercises help maintain bone density.
- Avoiding risky behaviour: Avoiding risky sports and activities can reduce the risk of injuries.
- Periodic check-ups: Regular medical check-ups can catch and manage any potential issues early.
