I. Understanding the Communication Process

• Recognise that communication involves a sender, a receiver, a message and feedback.
• Appreciate the importance of context in shaping what is communicated.
• Understand the role of non-verbal cues, such as facial expressions and body language, in conveying meaning.
• Recognise that the interpretation of a message can be influenced by variables like the receiver's knowledge and past experiences.

II. Speaking Techniques

• Know how to structure speeches and discussions in a clear, logical order to support understanding.
• Understand the importance of varying one's voice, changing pace and volume to maintain audience interest and emphasise key points.
• Identify the valuable use of rhetorical techniques, including repetition, questioning, and appeals to emotion, which can enhance persuasion.
• Practice skills for keeping discussions on track, such as summarising what has been said, clarifying points of confusion, and keeping contributions focused on the topic.

III. Listening Techniques

• Understand that effective listening involves not just hearing, but interpreting and understanding the speaker's message.
• Recognise the value of using reinforcement techniques, such as nodding and making brief affirming comments, to show that you are engaged and following the speaker's ideas.
• Understand the concept of being an active listener, demonstrating it by taking notes, asking relevant questions, and summarising information.
• Know how to respond to speakers in a way that encourages open communication, such as showing respect for their views even when disagreeing.

IV. Constructive Feedback Techniques

• Familiarise with how to give constructive criticism, offering clear examples and suggesting ways for improvement, rather than just highlighting problems.
• Learn to accept feedback graciously, not seeing it as a personal attack but an opportunity for growth.
• Understand the essentiality of making positive comments along with constructive criticism to encourage and motivate the recipient.
• Learn to apply the feedback received for continued improvement and growth in communication skills.

V. Group Discussion Techniques

• Apprehend the importance of participating actively, but also giving others the chance to contribute.
• Know how to handle disagreements diplomatically, focussing on ideas, not the individuals who propose them.
• Learn to summarise and draw conclusions at the end of a discussion effectively.
• Understand the importance of using open-ended questions to stimulate discussion and probe for more in-depth responses.