Understanding the nature of information
The Nature of Information
- Information is processed data that possesses meaning, relevance, and is useful to those who use it.
- Information can be categorised into quantitative (numeric, measurable and often used in calculations) and qualitative (non-numerical, descriptive).
- Primary information is raw and original, gathered for a specific purpose, typically through methods like surveys or interviews.
- Secondary information is information that has been processed or refined from primary information, such as analysis reports.
- Information also varies in quality based on factors such as accuracy, relevance, timeliness, and completeness.
Information as an Organisational Resource
- Information is a valuable asset in organisations, used for decision-making, planning, and operational functions.
- The quality of information possessed by an organisation correlates to its effectiveness and might be a source of competitive advantage.
- Information processing is often placed under several aspects of management, including strategic (long-term), tactical (mid-term), and operational (short-term).
Information Flow
- Information flow refers to the process of managing the distribution and accessibility of information in an organisation.
- It includes internal flow (within the organisation e.g., between departments) and external flow (between the organisation and its external environment).
- Barriers to information flow can include inappropriate IT systems, a lack of relevant skills, or organisational culture.
Data Protection
- The Data Protection Act 1998 (UK) governs the collection, storage, and use of personal data, providing guidelines to ensure respect for individuals' privacy rights.
- Organisations are required to adhere to key principles, such as ensuring information is gathered fairly, used only for its intended purpose and is up to date.
- Breach of data protection can lead to severe penalties including fines and damage to reputation.