Ceramics
Introduction to Ceramics
- Ceramics are objects made from clay that have been hardened by heat.
- They have a high melting point, typically greater than 1800 degrees Celsius.
- Ceramics are an important part of three-dimensional design due to their suitability for numerous design purposes.
Types and Properties of Ceramics
- Terracotta: A type of earthenware, is a clay-based unglazed ceramic, where its fired body is porous.
- Porcelain: Is a ceramic material made by heating materials, generally including kaolin, in a kiln to temperatures between 1,200 and 1,400 °C.
- Stoneware: It is non-porous and made to be very durable. It also has a chip-resistant material.
- All ceramics vary in their levels of porosity, hardness, and resistivity.
Ceramics in Three-Dimension Design
- Ceramics form the basis for many three-dimensional designs, including sculpture, pottery, and architectural elements.
- They can be shaped and moulded when wet, which provides a high level of control for the designer.
- The use of ceramics requires a deep understanding of their properties and how they can be manipulated.
Processes in Ceramic Design
- Wedge: A way to remove air bubbles from the clay and make it consistent. Any air bubbles that aren't removed could cause the piece to explode when baked.
- Coiling: This is a simple form of hand-building that creates a roller or rope of clay, then layers are overlapped or laid out to create the form.
- Throwing: A process used to make round ceramic pottery on a pottery wheel.
- Glazing: It forms a smooth surface and allows water to be held within a pot. It also allows for decorative colours and patterns.
Critical Study of Ceramics
- When studying ceramics, consider factors such as the design concept, choice of ceramic, techniques used, and the impact of the finished piece.
- It's important to reference contemporary and historical ceramic artists and their techniques for a deeper understanding of this design discipline.
- Other considerations include the relationship between the ceramic piece and its intended environment, usability, and aesthetic qualities.
Health and Safety Concerns
- Always follow correct safety procedures when handling ceramics, especially when working with kilns due to the high temperatures involved.
- Protective gear should be worn to prevent inhalation of ceramic dust, possible burns, and injuries from sharp tools.
- Safe, ethical, and sustainable working practices should always be employed when creating ceramic pieces.