A Level Three-Dimensional Design AQA

Ceramics

Introduction to Ceramics

• Ceramics are objects made from clay that have been hardened by heat.
• They have a high melting point, typically greater than 1800 degrees Celsius.
• Ceramics are an important part of three-dimensional design due to their suitability for numerous design purposes.

Types and Properties of Ceramics

• Terracotta: A type of earthenware, is a clay-based unglazed ceramic, where its fired body is porous.
• Porcelain: Is a ceramic material made by heating materials, generally including kaolin, in a kiln to temperatures between 1,200 and 1,400 °C.
• Stoneware: It is non-porous and made to be very durable. It also has a chip-resistant material.
• All ceramics vary in their levels of porosity, hardness, and resistivity.

Ceramics in Three-Dimension Design

• Ceramics form the basis for many three-dimensional designs, including sculpture, pottery, and architectural elements.
• They can be shaped and moulded when wet, which provides a high level of control for the designer.
• The use of ceramics requires a deep understanding of their properties and how they can be manipulated.

Processes in Ceramic Design

• Wedge: A way to remove air bubbles from the clay and make it consistent. Any air bubbles that aren't removed could cause the piece to explode when baked.
• Coiling: This is a simple form of hand-building that creates a roller or rope of clay, then layers are overlapped or laid out to create the form.
• Throwing: A process used to make round ceramic pottery on a pottery wheel.
• Glazing: It forms a smooth surface and allows water to be held within a pot. It also allows for decorative colours and patterns.

Critical Study of Ceramics

• When studying ceramics, consider factors such as the design concept, choice of ceramic, techniques used, and the impact of the finished piece.
• It's important to reference contemporary and historical ceramic artists and their techniques for a deeper understanding of this design discipline.
• Other considerations include the relationship between the ceramic piece and its intended environment, usability, and aesthetic qualities.

Health and Safety Concerns

• Always follow correct safety procedures when handling ceramics, especially when working with kilns due to the high temperatures involved.
• Protective gear should be worn to prevent inhalation of ceramic dust, possible burns, and injuries from sharp tools.
• Safe, ethical, and sustainable working practices should always be employed when creating ceramic pieces.