Internal combustion engine basics
Section: Definition and Fundamental Parts
- The internal combustion engine uses the combustion of fuel and an oxidizer (usually air) to provide motion.
- Its core parts include the cylinder, piston, spark plug, valves, connecting rod, and crankshaft.
- There are Four major types of internal combustion engines: petrol, diesel, turbo, and hybrid.
- Each type varies in aspects such as power, fuel efficiency, environmental impact, and complexity.
Section: Engine Operation - Four Stroke Cycle
- The engine operation generally consists of four strokes: intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust.
- The intake stroke sees the piston drop, pulling in a mix of fuel and air as the intake valve opens.
- During the compression stroke, the piston rises compressing the fuel-air mixture. The intake valve is closed in this phase.
- Combustion stroke begins with the spark plug igniting the compressed fuel-air mixture producing a large amount of pressure that forces to the piston down.
- Finally, the exhaust stroke sees the exhaust valve opens as the piston goes back, releasing the combustion by-products out of the cylinder.
Section: Engine Configurations and Sizes
- Engines come in different configurations: inline, V type, flat / boxer, and rotary engines. Each has distinct characteristics.
- Engine sizes are measured in litres or cubic capacity like 1.0 litre.
Section: Engine Cooling and Lubrication
- Engines require cooling systems to maintain the engine’s temperature. It usually involves a coolant liquid circulating through the engine and then cooled in the radiator.
- Lubrication systems reduce engine wear and tear by combating the high temperatures and friction created within the internal combustion cycle.
Section: Importance of Engine Maintenance
- Regular engine maintenance is essential to extend the engine's life, maintain fuel economy, and prevent costly repairs.
- Basic maintenance tasks include changing the oil and air filters, scheduling regular inspections, and monitoring coolant fluid levels.