Acoustics
Acoustics Overview
- Acoustics is the branch of physics that deals with sound and sound waves. It's particularly important in music technology as it helps us to understand how sound behaves in different environments.
- Understanding acoustics can help with various aspects of music technology, from recording and mixing to sound design and live sound reproduction.
Properties of Sound
- Sound is a type of energy made by vibrations. When an object vibrates, it moves the air particles around it. These particles then vibrate and move the particles around them, creating a sound wave.
- The speed of sound depends on the density of the medium it travels through. Sound travels faster in solids than in liquids, and faster in liquids than in gases.
- Important properties of sound include pitch, volume (amplitude), timbre (quality) and duration.
Sound Waves
- Sound waves are divided into three categories: longitudinal waves, mechanical waves, and pressure waves.
- In terms of frequency and wavelength: higher frequencies have shorter wavelengths, lower frequencies have longer wavelengths.
- Understanding the behavior of sound waves can help with mic placement, understanding reverb, dealing with phase issues and more in a recording or live sound context.
Room Acoustics
- The acoustics of a room can greatly affect the sound produced in the room. Factors include the size and shape of the room, the materials of the walls, ceiling, and floor, and the objects in the room.
- Two important aspects are reverberation and reflection. Reflection is when sound bounces off surfaces. This can cause echo if the delay is long enough. Reverberation is the continued reflections of sound within an enclosed space.
Soundproofing and Acoustic Treatment
- Soundproofing involves preventing sound from escaping or entering a space. This is crucial in a recording environment to prevent undesired noise.
- Acoustic treatment refers to improving the acoustics within a room, for example by reducing excessive reverb. This is achieved by using absorbers, diffusers and bass traps.
Understanding Instruments and Audio Equipment
- Instruments create sound through vibration. Different instruments produce sound in different ways and resulting in different fundamental and overtones.
- Different microphones pick up sound in different ways, which partly depends on their polar patterns (omnidirectional, cardioid, etc). Different microphones also capture different frequencies more or less effectively, described by their frequency response.
- Loudspeakers also have characteristic frequency responses, and distribute sound into the room in different ways depending on their design.
Remember, understanding and applying these principles effectively in your work is crucial, and continual listening, practicing, exploring and experimenting will deepen your understanding and skill.