Skeletal System
Skeletal System Overview
- The human skeletal system comprises over 200 distinct bones.
- Acts as the body's structural framework, gives the body its shape and provides support.
- Protects the body's precious organs like the brain, heart and lungs.
- Works in conjunction with the muscular system to facilitate movement.
- Major site of blood cell production, occurs in the bone marrow.
- Functions as a storage space for important minerals including calcium and phosphorus.
Types of Bones
- Long bones: Are larger and provide strength, structure and mobility. Examples include femur, humerus.
- Short bones: Are close to a cube shape and offer support and stability with some motion. Examples include bones in the wrist and ankle.
- Flat bones: Are expansive surfaces for muscle attachment and protect internal organs. Examples are skull, sternum, ribs.
- Irregular bones: Have complex shapes and serve various functions in the body. Examples are vertebrae, hip bones.
Bone Marrow
- Located in the center of many bones.
- Red marrow produces red and white blood cells and platelets.
- Yellow marrow stores fat that can be used as an energy source.
Joint Types
- Pivot joints: Allow rotation around an axis. Found in the neck.
- Hinge joints: Permit movement in one direction. Found in the elbows, knees.
- Ball and socket joints: Allow for all round movement. Found in the shoulders, hips.
Common Injuries and Conditions
- Fractures: Break or crack in a bone.
- Sprains: Damage to ligaments around a joint.
- Osteoporosis: Condition that weakens bone, making them more susceptible to fractures.
- Arthritis: Inflammation of the joints causing pain and stiffness.