Higher Graphic Communication SQA

Graphic Types

Graphic Types

Vector Graphics

• Defined by mathematical formulas rather than individual pixels.
• Offer greater scalability without loss in quality.
• Common software includes Adobe Illustrator.

Raster Graphics

• Also known as bitmap graphics.
• Composed of individual, coloured pixels.
• Common software includes Adobe Photoshop.

2D Graphics

• Allow for creation of images with only length and width.
• Uses shapes, lines, and text to construct images.
• Ideal for graphic designs like logos and posters.

3D Graphics

• Adds a third dimension, depth, evolving a shape into a form.
• Can create more realistic and complex images.
• Software includes 3D Studio Max and AutoCAD.

Concept and Presentation Graphics

• Used to visualise ideas and convey information.
• Can be both 2D and 3D.
• 'Concept Graphics' are rough and meant to be used early in the design process.
• 'Presentation Graphics' are refined, intended to be used in final stages to present the finished design.

Computer Aided Design (CAD) Graphics

• Graphics made using computer software to create precise 2D or 3D models.
• Common applications include architecture, engineering and industrial design.
• Illustrations are often scalable.

Computer Generated Imagery (CGI) Graphics

• Used to create animation and visual effects in films, TV and video games.
• Makes use of both 2D and 3D digital graphic techniques.
• Often used to create realistic environments, characters and objects.

Graphic File Types

• JPEG: Common raster format offering high compression rates.
• GIF: Supports animation and allows a separate palette of 256 colours for each frame.
• PNG: Raster type that provides lossless compression - allows for transparency.
• TIFF: Versatile raster format supporting numerous colour models.
• SVG: Standard vector type - scalable without quality loss.
• AI: Adobe Illustrator's proprietary vector format.
• PSD: Adobe Photoshop’s proprietary raster format.
• DWG: CAD file format for 2D and 3D design data.