Conflict: types of war
Types of War
- Total War: This refers to military conflicts where nations mobilise all available resources in order to destroy their enemy's ability to engage in war. In this type of war, the laws of war are frequently disregarded.
- Limited War: This involves a military conflict where the resources used and objectives pursued are restricted in some way. The aim is usually less than total defeat of the enemy.
- Civil War: This is a war between citizens of the same country, often involve a struggle for control of government or territorial boundaries.
- Guerilla Warfare: This is war fought by irregulars, often against an invading or occupying military force. It typically involves hit-and-run tactics, sabotage, and other strategies which maximise the effects of limited resources.
- Proxy War: This is a conflict where third parties fight on behalf of more powerful parties.
- Religious Conflict: This is a war which arises primarily out of religious disagreements. These may involve disagreements over the interpretation of religious doctrine, or conflict between followers of different religions.
- Ethnic War: This type of war typically stems from racial, tribal, or ethnic discord.
Causes of War
- Issues of Power and Territory: Control over resources, strategic locations and power dynamics often foment war.
- Religion and Ideology: Wars have been sparked by differences in religious beliefs or political ideologies.
- Economic Causes: Economic issues, such as trade disputes or competition for resources, can lead to war.
- Nationalism and Ethnic Differences: Feelings of ethnic superiority or the desire for sovereignty can contribute to war.
Just War Theory
The Just War theory is an ethical guide for the conduct of war. According to this theory:
- Jus Ad Bellum: A war is just if it is fought for a just cause and as a last resort, among other things.
- Jus In Bello: This principle governs how war is conducted, considering factors such as the use of proportionate force and the protection of non-combatants.
- Jus Post Bellum: This refers to the justice of war termination and peacemaking efforts.
Religion and War
Different religions view war and conflict in different ways:
- Christianity: Many follow the Just War theory, but there are also pacifistic denominations like the Quakers.
- Islam: Traditionally, war is seen as a last resort and must adhere to certain ethical rules.
- Buddhism: Generally promotes peace and non-violence, but acknowledges the complexity of human society and accepts war may sometimes be necessary.
- Judaism: Does not rule out war entirely but has strict rules for its conduct, similar to the Just War theory.