Higher Religious, Moral and Philosophical Studies SQA
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Content Overview
120 topics in 15 modules
☑️ Morality and belief: Conflict 9 topics
- Conflict: types of war
- Conflict: justifications for war
- Conflict: alternatives to war
- Consequences of war: for humans
- Consequences of war: for the environment
- Consequences of war: for the economy
- Modern armaments: weapons of mass destruction
- Modern armaments: conventional weapons
- Modern armaments: smart weapons
☑️ Morality and belief: Environment and global issues 9 topics
- Economic issues: resource management
- Economic issues: trading inequalities
- Economic issues: global trading agreements
- Environmental issues: climate change
- Environmental issues: depletion of resources
- Environmental issues: biodiversity
- Social issues: poverty
- Social issues: charity
- Social issues: migrants
☑️ Morality and belief: Justice 9 topics
- Causes of crime: environmental influences
- Causes of crime: psychological factors
- Purposes of punishment: reformation
- Purposes of punishment: retribution
- Purposes of punishment: protection
- Purposes of punishment: deterrence
- Responses to crime: custodial sentences
- Responses to crime: non-custodial sentences
- Responses to crime: capital punishment
☑️ Morality and belief: Medicine and the human body 9 topics
- Use of embryos: reproductive
- Use of embryos: therapeutic
- Use of embryos: research
- Organ donation: consent: informed/ presumed
- Organ donation: beating heart donation
- Organ donation: living donors
- End of life: assisted dying
- End of life: voluntary and non-voluntary euthanasia
- End of life: end-of-life care
☑️ Morality and belief: Relationships 10 topics
- Relationships: sexual relationships
- Relationships: the purpose of sex
- Marriage: Arranged marriage
- Marriage: Forced marriage
- Marriage: Same-sex marriage
- Marriage: Divorce
- Gender inequality and exploitation: in the media
- Gender inequality and exploitation: in society
- Gender inequality and exploitation: same-sex marriage
- Gender inequality and exploitation: divorce
☑️ Religious and philosophical questions: Existence of God 7 topics
- Religious arguments to prove existence of God
- Evidence for religious arguments
- Strengths and weakness of religious arguments
- Non-religious arguments to challenge existence of God
- Evidence for non-religious arguments
- Strengths and weaknesses of non-religious arguments
- Can there be a conclusive answer to existence of God?
☑️ Religious and philosophical questions: Miracles 7 topics
- Religious explanations of miracles
- Evidence for religious explanations of miracles
- Strengths/ weaknesses of religious explanations of miracles
- Non-religious explanations of miracles
- Evidence for non-religious explanations of miracles
- Strengths/weaknesses of non-religious explanations
- Can religious and non-religious views on miracles be compatible?
☑️ Religious and philosophical questions: Origins 7 topics
- Religious explanations of Origins of universe and life
- Evidence for religious explanations of Origins
- Strengths/weaknesses of religious explanations of Origins
- Scientific explanations of Origins of universe and life
- Evidence for scientific explanations of Origins
- Strengths/weaknesses of scientific explanations of Origins
- Can religious and scientific views on Origins be compatible?
☑️ Religious and philosophical questions: Suffering and evil 7 topics
- Is God responsible for suffering and evil?
- Arguments used to support God's responsibility for suffering and evil
- Strengths and weaknesses of arguments for God's responsibility
- Are humans responsible for suffering and evil?
- Arguments used to support human responsibility for suffering and evil
- Strengths and weaknesses of arguments for human responsibility
- Can responsibility lie with both God and humans?
☑️ Word Religion: Hinduism 8 topics
- Beliefs about God
- Nature of human beings: atman, jiva, dukkha
- Nature of human beings: avidya, karma
- Beliefs about Isvara
- Samsara and Moksha
- Living according to Dharma
- The Three Margas
- Worship: puja, meditation
☑️ Word Religion: Islam 7 topics
- Beliefs about God
- Nature of human beings: free will, suffering, khalifas
- Beliefs about Muhammad
- Akhira: Day of Judgment, Al-Jannah, Jahannam
- Living according to the Five Pillars
- Submission
- Worship: prayer, mosque
☑️ Word Religion: Judaism 8 topics
- Beliefs about God
- Nature of human beings: yetzer tov, yetzer harah
- Nature of human beings: free will, suffering
- Beliefs about Covenant
- Judment; the Messiah, the Messianic Age, Olam Ha'ba
- Living according to the Commandments
- Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur
- Worship: Shabbat, synagogue
☑️ Word Religion: Sikhism 9 topics
- Beliefs about God
- Nature of human beings: atma, free will
- Nature of human beings: karma, equality
- Beliefs about maya and haumai; the Five Evils
- Gurmukh, Jivan Mukti
- Living according to the Gurus
- Khalsa
- Worship: sewa and simran
- Worship: kirt karna, vand chakkana
☑️ World Religion: Buddhism 7 topics
- Three Marks of Existence; anicca, anatta, dukkha
- Nature of human beings: tanha, Three Root Poisons, kamma
- Beliefs about the Buddha
- Samsara and nibbana
- Living according to the Eightfold Path
- Five Precepts; sangha
- Meditation and devotion
☑️ World Religion: Christianity 7 topics
- Beliefs about God
- Nature of human beings: free will, sin, stewards
- Beliefs about Jesus
- Judgment, Heaven and Hell
- Living according to the Gospels
- Christan action and the Christian community
- Worship: prayer, Eucharist
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Higher Religious, Moral and Philosophical Studies SQA - Morality and belief: Conflict - Conflict: types of war Content Preview
Morality and belief: Conflict
Conflict: types of war
Types of War
- Total War: This refers to military conflicts where nations mobilise all available resources in order to destroy their enemy's ability to engage in war. In this type of war, the laws of war are frequently disregarded.
- Limited War: This involves a military conflict where the resources used and objectives pursued are restricted in some way. The aim is usually less than total defeat of the enemy.
- Civil War: This is a war between citizens of the same country, often involve a struggle for control of government or territorial boundaries.
- Guerilla Warfare: This is war fought by irregulars, often against an invading or occupying military force. It typically involves hit-and-run tactics, sabotage, and other strategies which maximise the effects of limited resources.
- Proxy War: This is a conflict where third parties fight on behalf of more powerful parties.
- Religious Conflict: This is a war which arises primarily out of religious disagreements. These may involve disagreements over the interpretation of religious doctrine, or conflict between followers of different religions.
- Ethnic War: This type of war typically stems from racial, tribal, or ethnic discord.
Causes of War
- Issues of Power and Territory: Control over resources, strategic locations and power dynamics often foment war.
- Religion and Ideology: Wars have been sparked by differences in religious beliefs or political ideologies.
- Economic Causes: Economic issues, such as trade disputes or competition for resources, can lead to war.
- Nationalism and Ethnic Differences: Feelings of ethnic superiority or the desire for sovereignty can contribute to war.
Just War Theory
The Just War theory is an ethical guide for the conduct of war. According to this theory:
- Jus Ad Bellum: A war is just if it is fought for a just cause and as a last resort, among other things.
- Jus In Bello: This principle governs how war is conducted, considering factors such as the use of proportionate force and the protection of non-combatants.
- Jus Post Bellum: This refers to the justice of war termination and peacemaking efforts.
Religion and War
Different religions view war and conflict in different ways:
- Christianity: Many follow the Just War theory, but there are also pacifistic denominations like the Quakers.
- Islam: Traditionally, war is seen as a last resort and must adhere to certain ethical rules.
- Buddhism: Generally promotes peace and non-violence, but acknowledges the complexity of human society and accepts war may sometimes be necessary.
- Judaism: Does not rule out war entirely but has strict rules for its conduct, similar to the Just War theory.
Question: Briefly explain what is meant by ‘Jus in Bello’ in the Just War theory.
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