iGCSE Physics (Triple) CAIE
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70 topics in 7 modules
☑️ Astrophysics 15 topics
- Universal Physics: The Solar System and Beyond
- Stellar Physics: Structure and Lifecycle of Stars
- Galaxy Physics: Milky Way and Other Galaxies
- Telescopes and Observational Techniques
- Cosmology: The Big Bang Theory and Origin of Universe
- Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission Spectra
- Celestial Mechanics: Orbital Motion and Weightlessness
- Cosmic Microwaves: Background Radiation
- Dark Matter and Dark Energy
- Gravity: Black Holes, Neutron Stars, and Gravitational Waves
- Exoplanets: Discovery and Analysis
- Space Exploration: Spacecraft and Satellite Technology
- Measurements in Astronomy: Parallax and Redshift
- Theories of Universe Expansion and The Fate of the Universe
- Basics of Astrobiology: Searching for Life Beyond Earth
☑️ General Physics 14 topics
- Length and Time
- Motion
- Mass and Weight
- Density
- Forces: Effects of Forces
- Forces: Turning Effect
- Forces: Centre of Mass
- Forces: Scalars and Vectors
- Momentum
- Energy
- Energy Resources
- Work Done
- Power
- Pressure
☑️ Space Physics 12 topics
- Introduction to Astronomy
- Solar System: Planets and their Characteristics
- Solar System: The Sun and its Energy
- Solar System: The Moon
- Stars, Galaxies and Constellations
- Fundamental Concepts of Cosmology
- The Space Race and Exploration
- The Telescope and Observation Techniques
- Day and Night, Seasons and Years
- Satellites, Their Orbits and Uses
- The Effects of Space Travel on the Human Body
- The Future of Space Exploration
☑️ Thermal Physics 8 topics
- Thermal Physics: States of Matter
- Thermal Physics: Molecular Model
- Thermal Physics: Evaporation
- Thermal Physics: Pressure Changes
- Thermal Properties and Temperature
- Thermal Capacity (Heat Capacity)
- Thermal Processes: Conduction and Convection
- Thermal Processes: Radiation
☑️ Properties of Waves, Including Light and Sound 6 topics
- General Wave Properties
- Light
- Reflection and Refraction of Light
- Lenses and Dispersion
- Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Sound
☑️ Electricity and Magnetism 10 topics
- Simple Phenomena of Magnetism
- Electric Charge
- Electricity: Current
- Potential Difference
- Electricity: Resistance
- Electric Circuits
- Series and Parallel Circuits
- Digital Electronics
- Dangers of Electricity
- Electromagnetic Effects
☑️ Atomic Physics 5 topics
- Atomic Physics: Atomic Model
- Atomic Physics: Nucleus
- Radioactivity
- Radioactive Decay
- Half-life
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iGCSE Physics (Triple) CAIE Revision Content
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iGCSE Physics (Triple) CAIE - Space Physics - Introduction to Astronomy Content Preview
Space Physics
Introduction to Astronomy
The Solar System
- The solar system consists of our sun, eight planets with their moons, dwarfs planets, asteroids, comets, and other celestial bodies.
- The planets are orbiting around the sun in paths known as elliptical orbits.
- The four inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) also referred to as terrestrial planets, are made primarily of rock and metal.
- The four outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune), called gas giants and ice giants, are composed largely of gases and hold numerous moons.
Stars and Galaxies
- A star, like the Sun, is a hot sphere of gas that emits light and energy generated through nuclear reactions.
- Stars of different sizes, ages and temperatures have different colours. The hottest stars are white or blue, while the cooler stars are red.
- All the stars we see at night are located in our own galaxy, the Milky Way.
- There are billions of galaxies in the Universe, some of which are spiral-shaped like the Milky Way, while others are elliptical or irregular in shape.
The Universe
- The universe is the entirety of space and time, and all matter and energy in it.
- The universe is believed to have originated around 13.8 billion years ago in the Big Bang.
- The universe has been expanding since its formation, a concept known as the expanding universe theory.
- Dark matter is hypothesised to make up about 85% of the matter in the universe.
- Dark energy, a mysterious form of energy, is thought to be responsible for the acceleration in the expansion of the universe.
Observational Astronomy
- Telescopes are used to observe distant objects in space, with some collecting visible light and others collecting different types of electromagnetic radiation.
- Radio astronomy uses large antennas to detect radio waves from space.
- Space probes are robotic spacecraft sent away from Earth to explore other planets and celestial bodies up close.
Key Astronomers
- Nicolaus Copernicus first proposed that the Earth revolves around the sun, contradicting the long-held belief that Earth was the centre of the Universe.
- Galileo Galilei is known for improvements to the telescope that enabled detailed observations of the planets, leading him to support Copernicus's model.
- Edwin Hubble discovered that there are many galaxies outside the Milky Way and provided substantial evidence of the expanding universe.
Question: What evidence did Edwin Hubble provide to support the theory of the expanding universe?
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