Level 3 Environmental Science WJEC

Introduction to Environmental Science

Introduction to Environmental Science

This section introduces the basics of environmental science, including key terminology and an overview of key concepts:

• Environmental science combines different disciplines to study the relationship of humans with the environment.
• The environment comprises all the physical and biological elements that influence the life of organisms.
• Ecosystems include both the community of organisms in an area and their physical surroundings.
• Biodiversity refers to the variety of life found in a certain habitat. It includes variety within species, between species, and the variety of ecosystems.
• Sustainability is the capacity of ecosystems to maintain their essential functions and processes into the future.

The Impact of Humans on the Environment

Understanding the impact of human activities on the environment is fundamental.

• Deforestation is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to non-forest use.
• Pollution, whether in the air, water or land, has detrimental effects on the environment and biodiversity.
• Overpopulation increases the demand for natural resources, leading to overexploitation, degradation, and loss of habitats.
• Climate change is caused by human activities and greatly impacts ecosystems.

Sustainable Use of Resources

Learn how to use natural resources in a way that meets human needs while preserving the environment.

• Renewable resources such as sunlight, wind, and water, are replenished naturally and are environmentally friendly sources of energy.
• Non-renewable resources, including oil, gas, and coal, are finite and their extraction and use result in environmental damage.
• Recycling involves the conversion of waste into materials that can be used again, reducing the need for new resource extraction.
• Conservation efforts aim to protect and preserve the natural environment for future generations.

Environmental Policy and Legislation

Laws and regulations play a vital role in environmental preservation and sustainable use of resources.

• Environmental regulations are rules and standards established by governments to manage and conserve natural resources.
• Legislations like the Clean Air Act, and Water Framework Directive, aim to protect air, water, soil and biodiversity.
• The Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement are global efforts to mitigate the impacts of climate change.
• Implementing sustainable practices reduces environmental damage and assists in the conservation of biodiversity.