Research methods
Primary and Secondary Research
- Primary Research: This involves collecting new data. This may include original experiments, surveys, interviews, or fieldwork.
- Secondary Research: This relates to the review and analysis of existing research or data. It could include studies or articles, historical documents, or statistical databases.
Qualitative and Quantitative Data
- Qualitative Data: Focuses on non-numeric data which provide insight into subjective experiences or behaviours.
- Quantitative Data: This type of data is measurable and can be statistically analysed. It includes numbers, quantities, or values.
Surveys and Interviews
- Survey Design: Designing a survey requires careful planning, including formulating exact questions which align to your research aim.
- Conducting interviews: Interviews can provide in-depth, qualitative data. Preparing a script and proper recording methods are crucial.
Fieldwork
- Site Selection: A suitable location for research which matches the requirements of the project.
- Data Collection Technique: Selection of position, use of technical equipment (if any), and making observations.
- Recording Observations: Properly noting down all observations in a comprehensible format, often using a notebook or a digital medium.
Data Analysis
- Statistical Analysis: Application of statistical methods to quantitative data to generate meaningful insights.
- Qualitative Analysis: Interpreting qualitative data to identify themes and patterns using thematic analysis, content analysis, or grounded theory.
Referencing and Bibliography
- Referencing: Giving proper credit to the original author from where the information is derived, following a specific style (Harvard, MLA, APA, etc.).
- Creating a Bibliography: Compiling all references at the end of the project in a section named 'Bibliography'.
Evaluation and Reflection
- Interpretation of Results: Understanding and explaining what the final data and analysis mean in relation to your original aim or hypothesis.
- Self-reflection: Critically reflecting on your work, discussing what went well and what could be improved if the project were to be done again.