Elements and principles of design
Elements of Design
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Line: An important element that can dictate the overall style and mood. Vertical lines suggest formality and sophistication, horizontal lines suggest relaxation and calmness, diagonal lines add drama and movement, and curved lines are associated with femininity and comfort.
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Shape: The outlined area which is formed when line meets line. It can be geometric (like squares and triangles) or organic (fluid and irregular forms). The silhouette is based largely on shape.
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Colour: Directly affects the mood and theme of a design. It includes hue (the actual colour), value (the lightness or darkness of the colour), and intensity (the brightness or dullness of the colour).
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Texture: How a surface feels, or appears to feel. Smoothness, roughness, softness etc. can be conveyed through the type of fabric and finishes used. Texture can add visual interest to a design.
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Space: The area between and surrounding elements of a design. Positive space is filled with elements, whereas negative space is empty. Balance is key in utilising space effectively.
Principles of Design
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Balance: The distribution of visual weight in a design. It can be symmetrical (same on both sides), asymmetrical (balanced, but not identical), or radial (elements arranged around a central point).
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Emphasis: Draws attention to a particular area or element. This can be achieved through use of contrasting colours, different sizes, added details etc.
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Proportion: The relationship between the parts of a design in terms of size, colour, quantity, or degree. Good proportion enhances visual harmony.
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Rhythm: Creates a visual tempo through the use of repeated elements. Can be regular (identical repetition), progressive (changes in size or colour), alternating (two or more elements repeated in a specific order), or flowing rhythm (achieved with curved or wavy lines).
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Unity: The fulfilling sense of belonging together in a design. It can be achieved by repeating certain colours or shapes, creating a theme, or using similar textures.
Remember, these elements and principles are not separate entities, but rather interconnected components that work together to create an effective design. Mastering them is the key to producing strong fashion designs.