A Level Sociology OCR
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50 topics in 10 modules
☑️ Socialisation, Culture and Identity 3 topics
- What is Culture?
- What is Socialisation?
- What is Identity?
☑️ Families and Relationships 3 topics
- Diversity of Modern Families
- Role of the Nuclear Family in Contemporary Society
- Roles and Relationships within the Family
☑️ Youth Subculture 3 topics
- The Role and Formation of Youth Subculture
- Deviant Subculture
- Explanations of Deviant Subculture
☑️ Media 3 topics
- Representations of Different Social Groups
- Theoretical Views of Media Representations
- Effects of Media on the Audience
☑️ Research Methods and Researching Social Inequalities 3 topics
- Key elements of the research process
- Research methods
- The relationship between theory and methods
☑️ Understanding Social Inequalities 5 topics
- Social Inequality in relation to social class
- Social Inequality in relation to gender
- Social Inequality in relation to ethnicity
- Social Inequality in relation to age
- Sociological Explanations of Social Inequality and Difference
☑️ Globalisation and the Digital Social World 5 topics
- Relationship between globalisation and digital forms of communication
- The impact of digital forms of communication on people's identity
- The impact of digital forms of communication on social inequalities
- The impact of digital forms of communication on relationships
- The impact of digital forms of communication on culture
☑️ Crime and Deviance 6 topics
- Defintion and measurement of crime and deviance
- The Social Distribution of Offending and Victimisation
- Patterns of Crime in a Global Context
- Theoretical Explanations of Crime and Deviance
- Left wing policy on crime
- Right wing policy on crime
☑️ Education 10 topics
- Theoretical views on the role of education
- Theoretical Explanations of the relationship between education and work
- Differential Educational Achievement by Social Class
- Differential Educational Achievement by Ethnicity
- Differential Educational Achievement by Gender
- Educational Inequalities in a Global Context
- Explanations for differential educational achievement
- The diversity of educational provision
- Ideological influences on government educational policy
- Impact of educational policies
☑️ Religion, belief and faith 9 topics
- Debates on secularisation
- Defining and Measuring Religion, Belief and Faith
- Patterns and Trends in relation to age
- Patterns and Trends in relation to ethnicity
- Patterns and Trends in relation to gender
- Patterns and Trends in relation to social class
- Religion, Belief and Faith in a Global Context
- Theoretical views of the relationship between religion and social change
- Theoretical views of the role of religion, belief and faith for the individual and for society
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A Level Sociology OCR Revision Content
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A Level Sociology OCR - Socialisation, Culture and Identity - What is Culture? Content Preview
Socialisation, Culture and Identity
What is Culture?
Understanding Culture
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Culture is a complex combination of the practices, beliefs, values, and behaviours that characterise a society or group.
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It involves shared expectations, symbols, and norms that guide and inform individuals' interactions with each other.
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Culture is a dynamic social phenomenon, which is to say it is influenced by interactions between people, and changes over time and through different contexts.
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It is a learned behaviour, not innate or biologically determined.
Components of Culture
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Material culture comprises of the physical, tangible objects produced by a society or group. This could include art, architecture, technology, clothing, and food.
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Non-material culture refers to the non-tangible aspects of culture, such as beliefs, practices, aesthetics, norms, and values.
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Symbols and Language: Culture generates and uses symbols, including language, to derive meaning and communicate complex ideas. Symbolic interaction is a key element in maintaining and changing culture.
Levels of Culture
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There are several 'layers' to culture, starting with universal culture, the common behaviour patterns and institutions that are typical of all human societies.
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National culture is a shared set of norms, beliefs, customs and traditions that characterises a country or nation.
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Subculture is a cultural group within a larger culture, often possessing beliefs or interests that contrast with those of the larger culture.
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Counter-culture is a type of subculture that rejects and opposes significant elements of the dominant culture.
Culture and Society
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Culture provides a framework for social structure, defining roles and relationships within a society.
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It shapes the way individuals perceive and react to their social environment and provides them with patterns of behaviour.
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Cultural diversity acknowledges the variety of cultures co-existing in a society and the importance of maintaining this variety.
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Culture clash or culture conflict happens when significantly differing cultures or subcultures come into contact, often leading societal tension or conflict.
Question: Explain, in one sentence, the difference between a subculture and a counter-culture within a national culture.
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