GCSE Physical Education AQA
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63 topics in 9 modules
☑️ Human Body and Movement in Physical Activity and Sport 20 topics
- Structure of Musculoskeletal System
- Functions of Musculoskeletal System
- Structure of the Cardio-Respiratory System
- Anaerobic and Aerobic Exercise
- Short and Long Term Effects of Exercise
- Lever Systems and their Use in Activity
- Mechanical Advantage Lever Systems Provide in Movement
- Planes and Axes of Movement
- Health and Fitness
- Role of Exercise in Health and Fitness
- Components of Fitness
- Benefits of Fitness in Sport
- Measuring and Improving Fitness
- Principles of Training
- Applying Principles of Training to Personal Exercise and Training Programmes
- Optimising Training and Preventing Injuries
- Warm Up and Cool Down
- Understanding of How Data are Collected - Qualitative and Quantitative
- Presenting Data (Tables and Graphs)
- Analysing and Evaluating Data
☑️ Socio-Cultural and Wellbeing in Physical Activity and Sport 11 topics
- Classification of Skills - Basic-Complex
- Classification of Skills - Open-Closed
- Goal Setting and SMART Targets
- Basic Information Processing
- Guidance and Feedback on Performance
- Mental Preparation for Performance
- Commercialisation of Physical Activity and Sport
- Ethical and Socio-Cultural Issues in Physical Activity and Sport
- Physical, Emotional and Social Health, Fitness and Wellbeing
- The Consequences of a Sedentary Lifestyle
- Energy Use, Diet, Nutrition and Hydration
☑️ Anatomy and Physiology 7 topics
- The Skeletal System
- The Muscular System
- The Cardiovascular System
- The Respiratory System
- Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise
- Short-term Effects of Exercise
- Long-term Effects of Exercise
☑️ Movement Analysis 2 topics
- Lever Systems
- Planes and Axes of Movement
☑️ Physical Training 6 topics
- Components of Fitness
- Fitness Testing
- Principles of Training
- Training Target Zones
- Training Methods
- Preventing Injuries
☑️ Sports Psychology 6 topics
- Learning Skills
- Goal Setting
- Guidance and Feedback
- Using Feedback
- Mental Preparation
- Emotion and Personality
☑️ Sport, Society and Culture 6 topics
- Inflences on Participation
- Commercialisation of Sport
- Technology in Sport
- Sporting Behaviour
- Performance-Enhancing Drugs
- Spectator Behaviour
☑️ Health, Fitness and Well-being 4 topics
- Diet and Nutrition
- Health, Fitness and Well-being
- Sedentary Lifestyle
- Somatotypes
☑️ Using Data 1 topic
- Using Data
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GCSE Physical Education AQA Revision Content
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GCSE Physical Education AQA - Human Body and Movement in Physical Activity and Sport - Structure of Musculoskeletal System Content Preview
Human Body and Movement in Physical Activity and Sport
Structure of Musculoskeletal System
Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
- Bones, joints and muscles collectively form the musculoskeletal system providing the body with shape, support and the ability to move.
- Over 600 muscles and 206 bones are found in the human body, each with its own distinct role.
- Understanding the structure and functioning of the musculoskeletal system is vital in understanding movements performed in physical activity and sports. Exercises and training can be fine-tuned to promote skeletal health and muscular strength. This knowledge can also help in understanding sports injuries and their management.
The Role of Bones and Joints
- Bones provide a frame for the body, known as the skeleton. This framework supports and protects the body and it's organs.
- The main categories of bones are long bones such as the femur, short bones such as wrist bones, flat bones like the scapula and irregular bones like the vertebrae.
- Bones link together at the joints, which articulate movement. The different types of joints are classified on their range of motion - namely, immovable, slightly movable and freely movable joints.
- The freely movable, or synovial joints, are the most common in the body. They allow for most of the movement we associate with sports or physical activities.
The Role of Muscles in Movement and Balance
- Muscles, attached to bones via tendons, are contractile tissues that are responsible for movement. They are classified as voluntary (skeletal), involuntary (smooth) and cardiac.
- Voluntary or skeletal muscles are primarily responsible for movement in sport and physical activity. They can further be divided into fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles, each designed for certain types of activities.
- The contraction of muscles leads to movement. There are three types: Concentric, where muscle shortens; Eccentric, where muscle lengthens; and Isometric, where there's no change in length.
- The musculoskeletal system just doesn't provide movement. It also plays a critical role in maintaining posture and body balance. Even in static positions, certain muscles engage to maintain body's balance and stability.
Question: Identify the type of muscle contraction occurring in the quadriceps during the downward phase of a squat?
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