GCSE Three-Dimensional Design WJEC

3D Design: Architectural Design

Architectural Design Basics

• Architectural design is the method of organising spaces and creating forms, considering aesthetic, function and context.
• It centres around planning, designing and constructing forms, space and ambience.
• Principles include unity, balance, hierarchy, scale and proportion, emphasis, and rhythm.

Drawing and Modelling

• Architectural designs often begin with sketches but also need to be translated into technical drawings.
• Technical drawings may include plans, sections, elevations and details.
• Modelling in 3D, either manually or digitally, is crucial for visualising the design.
• Digital tools include software like SketchUp, AutoCAD, 3DS Max, and Rhino.

Architectural Styles and Influences

• Architectural designs are influenced by social, political, technological and historical factors.
• Understanding various architectural styles is key, from classical to modern, and postmodern.
• Iconic architects' work and philosophies should be explored, such as Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier, Zaha Hadid, and Norman Foster.

Environmental and Ethical Considerations

• Sustainable design techniques are crucial, including energy efficiency, choosing sustainable materials and minimising waste.
• Consideration of the design's impact on its users and communities is also important.
• Universal Design (Inclusive Design) ensures usability and accessibility for people with varied abilities.

Prototyping and Testing

• Prototyping allows for testing and refining the design.
• Receiving feedback on a prototype can result in design improvements.
• Different methods of prototyping include scale models, virtual 3D models, or detailed sections.

Construction and Materials

• Knowledge of various construction techniques is important.
• Selection of materials plays a critical role. Choices influence the design's aesthetics, performance, sustainability and cost.
• Different types of materials include glass, steel, concrete, wood, etc., each with unique considerations.

Health and Safety Considerations

• The building’s structural integrity to withstand loads and environmental factors should be considered.
• Adequate fire safety measures, including means of escape and containment, need to be implemented.
• Designing for safety in use, e.g., slip-resistant surfaces, adequate lighting, should be considered.