National 5 Graphic Communication SQA

Graphic Types

Introduction to Graphic Types

• Graphic types are visual art forms or presentations that communicate ideas or information.
• Can be divided broadly into three categories: graphic design, illustrated graphics, and computer graphics.

Graphic Design

• Creative process involving client and designer, often used for advertising or broadcasting a message.
• Balances aesthetics and functionality.
• Examples include logos, brochures, posters, product packaging, and business cards.
• Key principles: contrast, repetition, alignment, and proximity.

Illustrated Graphics

• Visual representations using traditional techniques like drawing, painting, or printmaking.
• Often used in book publishing, comics, maps, and scientific illustrations.
• Emphasis on reflection of reality, though can also be stylistic or abstract.
• Two types of illustrated graphics: informational illustrations (diagrams, charts, instructions for assembly) and narrative illustrations (picture books, comics, storyboards).

Computer Graphics

• Graphics created using software and hardware.
• Two subtypes: 2D graphics (digital painting, pixel art, vector graphics) and 3D graphics (rendering, 3D modelling, computer animation).
• Raster graphics (bitmaps) and vector graphics are key concepts.
• Raster graphics consist of pixels, each with a specific colour. They can reproduce complex colours but lose clarity when enlarged.
• Vector graphics consist of paths defined by mathematical formulae. They maintain clarity when enlarged, but they are more suited to simpler shapes and colours.

Application of Graphics

• The target audience, the nature of the content, and the medium used for delivery help to determine which type of graphic is the most suitable.
• Graphic design is used widely in marketing and branding.
• Illustrated graphics are common in publishing and storybook illustration.
• Computer graphics are prevalent in the video game industry and in animated films.