A Level Psychology OCR
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50 topics in 12 modules
☑️ Research Methods 5 topics
- Research Methods and Techniques
- Planning and Conducting Research
- Data Recording, Analysis and Presentation
- Report Writing
- Science in Psychology
☑️ Social Psychology 3 topics
- Outline of the social area
- Responses to People in Authority
- Responses to People in Need
☑️ Cognitive Psychology 3 topics
- Outline of the Cognitive Psychology
- Memory
- Attention
☑️ Developmental Psychology 3 topics
- Outline of the Developmental Psychology
- External Influences on Children's Behaviour
- Moral Development
☑️ Biological Psychology 3 topics
- Outline of the Biological Area
- Regions of the Brain
- Brain Plasticity
☑️ The Psychology of Individual Differences 3 topics
- Outline of the Individual Differences Area
- Understanding Disorders
- Measuring Differences
☑️ Perspectives and Debates 3 topics
- The Behaviourist Perspective
- The Psychodynamic Perspective
- Debates in Psychology
☑️ Issues in Mental Health 3 topics
- The historical context of mental health
- The Medical Model
- Alternatives to the Medical Model
☑️ Child Psychology 6 topics
- Intelligence (Biological)
- Pre-adult brain development (Biological)
- Perceptual Development (Cognitive)
- Cognitive Development and Education (Cognitive)
- Development of Attachment (Social)
- Impact of advertising on children (Social)
☑️ Criminal Psychology 6 topics
- What makes a criminal? (Biological)
- The collection and processing of forensic evidence (Biological)
- Collection of evidence (Cognitive)
- Psychology and courtroom (Cognitive)
- Crime Prevention (Social)
- The effect of imprisonment (Social)
☑️ Experimental Psychology 6 topics
- Stressors in the environment (Biological)
- Biological Rhythms (Biological)
- Recycling and other conservation behaviours (Cognitive)
- Ergonomics - human factors (Cognitive)
- Psychological effects of the environment (Social)
- Territory and personal space (Social)
☑️ Sport and Exercise Psychology 6 topics
- Arousal and Anxiety (Biological)
- Exercise and Mental Health (Biological)
- Motivation (Cognitive)
- Personality (Cognitive)
- Performing with Others (Social)
- Audience Effects (Social)
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A Level Psychology OCR Revision Content
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A Level Psychology OCR - Research Methods - Research Methods and Techniques Content Preview
Research Methods
Research Methods and Techniques
Research Design
- Replicated study: This is a research that is carried out with the same procedures as a previous study but with different participants. It is done to verify or refute the findings of the previous study.
- Longitudinal vs Cross-sectional studies: Longitudinal studies monitor the same participants over an extended period of time, while cross-sectional studies compare different groups of participants at the same time.
- Case studies: These are in-depth studies of a single individual/unit. They are often used when it's impossible or unethical to conduct controlled experiments.
- Correlational studies: These studies are used to investigate the relationship between two variables, but they cannot determine causality.
Data Collection Methods
- Self-report techniques: This includes methods such as questionnaires, interviews, and diaries where participants are asked to provide information about themselves.
- Observations: This can be naturalistic (observing in a natural setting) or controlled (observing in a lab setting).
- Experiments: This involves manipulating one variable and measuring the effect on another variable. It can be conducted in a lab, field or through natural/ quasi experiments.
Sampling Methods
- Random sampling: Each member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen.
- Systematic sampling: Every nth member of the population is chosen.
- Stratified sampling: The population is divided into subgroups based on certain characteristics (e.g. age, sex), and participants are selected from each subgroup.
- Opportunity sampling: The sample consists of participants who are available and agree to take part.
Data Analysis
- Descriptive statistics: Used to summarise and describe the data collected. Measures include mean, median, and mode.
- Inferential statistics: Used to draw conclusions about the population based on the data collected from the sample. It includes hypothesis testing and statistical significance.
Ethical Considerations
- Informed consent: Participants should be fully informed about the nature of the research and agree to participate voluntarily.
- Deception: Researchers should avoid deceiving participants wherever possible, and if used, participants should be debriefed afterwards.
- Confidentiality: Participants' identity and responses should be kept confidential.
- Protection from harm: Researchers should ensure that participants are not subjected to physical or psychological harm.
Question: What is the fundamental difference between correlational studies and experiments in terms of their usage in research?
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