1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th declension nouns
1st Declension Nouns
- Nouns in the 1st declension are usually feminine, though a few masculine exceptions exist.
- They typically end in '-a' in their nominative singular form.
- The genitive singular form ends in 'ae'.
- These nouns typically refer to women, professions, or ideas.
2nd Declension Nouns
- 2nd declension nouns can be masculine or neuter.
- Masculine nouns often end with '-us' (some end in '-er') in the nominative singular form, while neuter nouns generally end in '-um'.
- Both masculine and neuter 2nd declension nouns have a genitive singular form that ends in '-i'.
- Includes people, places, things, and concepts.
3rd Declension Nouns
- This declension includes masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns.
- 3rd declension nouns have a variety of endings in the nominative singular form, making them harder to recognise.
- The genitive singular form ends in '-is'.
- It includes adjectives and nouns describing concepts and things.
4th Declension Nouns
- Most 4th declension nouns are masculine, with a few exceptions that are neuter.
- The nominative singular form usually ends in '-us' and the neuters end in '-u'.
- Genitive singular form ends in '-us' for both masculine and neuter.
- Most of these nouns denote states and actions.
5th Declension Nouns
- Nouns of this declension are almost all feminine.
- The nominative singular form typically ends with an '-es', and the genitive singular form ends with '-ei'.
- Used for words describing states, actions, diseases, and qualities.